LATINUM - The Latin Language Learning Podcast from London

CO, CARE, COR,CARI,iCO,iCARE.
_________
CINOR,CINARI,ICINOR,ICINARI
_________
CITO,CITARE, ICITO, ICITARE
_________
ULO,ULARE, ULOR,ULARI
_________
RO,RARE,ERO,ERARE
_________
INO,INARE

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in LO

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LO,LARE,ILLO,ILLARE
These are diminutive verbs. They denote doing something in a slight or insignificant manner, or in a slight degree, half-heartedly.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in TRO

TRO,TRARE,eTRO,eTRARE,iTRO,iTRARE
These endings denote the 'doing' or 'causing' of something, or the 'doing with' something.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in ISSO

ISSO, ISSARE, ISSOR,ISSARI
These verbs indicate 'imitating', or 'being like'.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in SSO, SSEE

SSO, SSERE
eSSO, eSSERE
iSSO,iSSERE
These express doing an action, and doing it eagerly, and so are verbs intensive.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in (tur)IO

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(tur)IO, (tur) IRE
Desiderative Verbs - verbs expressing a desire to do something. They all end in IO, and are of the fourth conjugation.
Some verbs in urio are not desiderative verbs, and the exceptions will be noted.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in ASCO,ESCO,ISCO

SCO,SCERE
aSCO,aSCERE
eSCO,eSCERE
iSCO,iSCERE
These are verbs that point out the BEGINNING of an action or a state. Technically, these are called Inceptive verbs.
NOT all verbs ending in sco are inceptive verbs, and the exceptions will be noted.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs ending in TO, TARE, SO, ITO.

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TO, TARE
SO,SAARE
ITO,ITARE
These verbs denote 'frequency' of action, or an intensifying of the force of the base word, having 'energy','violence', or 'increase'.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Verbs in A,EE,IO,UO, &c.

Verbal endings
O, ARE
EO,ERE
A,ERE
IO,ERE
UO,UERE
IO,IRE
These are added to roots with CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES, or to the themes of substantives and adjectives, giving rise to transitive and intransitive verbs.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in MULUS

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MULUS,MULI
These substantives have a participle meaning, descriptive of the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin suffixes -Substantives ending in GO

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Go, GINIS,
aGO,aGINIS,iGO,iGINIS,uGO,uGINIS,LIGO,LIGINIS,iLAGO,iLAGINIS,iLIGO,iLIGINIS.
No-one is quite sure what the origin of the suffix GO is, and so original etymological meaning of words with these endings is somewhat uncertain. This will be discussed further in the audio file.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in DO

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DO,DINIS,eDO,eDINIS,
iDO,iDINIS,
uDO,uDINIS.
When Substantives that end in DO come from intransitive verbs, they denote'the being' of that thing. When from transitive verbs, 'the doing', and when from substantives, 'the having'.
Most of these words are abstract substantives.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in OR

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OR,ORIS,
US,ORIS,
US,ERIS,
ER,ERIS,
UR,URIS,
US,URIS
Substantives ending in OR are mostly formed from verbal roots, and denote an abstract quality. Sometimes they point out a concrete thing. With a short O, this suffix denotes a concrete thing.
Those derived from other substantives denote having the quality of that substantive.
All have participle force.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in ETAS

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TAS,TATIS,
eTAS,eTATIS
iTAS,iTATIS
TA,TAE, TUS,TUTIS,iTUS,iTUTIS,
TUDO,TUDINIS
iTUDO
iTUDINIS
Substantives ending in TAS denote the 'condition' or the 'state' or the 'quality' of the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - substantives ending in TIA

TIA,TIAE,
iTIA,iTIAE,
iTIES,iTIEI
Those substantives that end in TIA denote the 'state' or the
'quality' of the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in TURA

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TURA,TURAE,iTURA,iTURAE
These denote 'the act of doing'

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in TUS, SUS.

TUS,SUS,iTUS
These are mainly derived from verbs, and denote 'the act of doing', 'the being'

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in TIS

TIS,TIS,
SIS,SIS
TIO,TIONIS,
SIO,SIONIS
iTIO,iTIONIS
TIUM,TII
Substantives ending in TIS are derived from Verbs, and denote the 'act of doing', or'the being' that the verb signifies.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in MONIA

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MONIA,MONIAE,MONIUM,MONII
These denote 'the doing', when derived from verbs.
They denote'the being', when derived from adjectives.
They denote 'appertaining to' when derived from substantives.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in IES, IONIS,IUM,&c.

IA,IAE,
IES,IEI
IO
IONIS
IUM,II
The Suffix IA gives us abstract substantives, denoting the performing action of the verb that they
come from, often meaning the effect/force/result of said action.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in BER,BRIS

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BER,BRIS
Added to Cardinal Adjectives (i.e.numbers of counting) , this ending signifies 'time', and gives us the origin of the names of the months, names those months that were originally the 7th,8th,9th, and 10th months of the Roman year.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in MEN.

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MEn,MINIS,iMEN,iMINIS
uMEn,uMINIS,
uMEn,uMINIS,
MENTUM,MENTI
iMENTUM,iMENTI
uMENTUM,uMENTi
Those substantives that end in MEN have either an active force, denoting a neuter agent, the thing which does or causes something, or they have a passive force, being something'caused' or 'effected', so these words also mean 'something that serves for something or other'.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in MINUS, &c.

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MINUS,MINI,MINA,MINAE,
UMNUS,UMNI,UMNA,UMNAE,
UNUS,UNI. Also MO,MONIS.
Substantives ending in MINUS are derived mostly from verbs, usually employed in a passive sense, 'to show something that is done', or that a person 'does to themself'.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Substantives ending in O, ONA &c.

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O,ONIS,IO,IONIS,UO,UONIS,ONIS,ONI,ONIUS,ONII,ONIA,ONIAE,EN,ININS.
Substantives in O, and ONIS have a participle force, and they represent agents performing the action of a verb.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in GNUS

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GNUS,GNA,GNUM
There are only a few adjectives with this ending. They denote 'being born' in the condition denoted by the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in BUS,BA,BUM

BUS,BA,BUM,
ERBUS,ERBA,ERBUM
These Latin suffixes signify the 'being' signified by the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in ITIMUS

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iTIMUS,iTIMA,iTIMUM
Adjectives ending in iTIMUS have the force of 'closely connected to', or 'bordering upon'.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in ESTIS, ESTE

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ESTIS,ESTE
These adjectives denote a quality of the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in IUS,IA,IUM

IUS,IA,IUM
Adjectives in the Latin IUS denote 'belonging to' a person or a thing, and can also mean some quality of which the meaning is descriptive.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in LENTUS

LENTUS,LENTA,LENTUM,
oLENS,oLENTIS,
uLENS,uLENTIS,
The ending LENTUS signifies 'abounding in', or 'being full of' a thing. sometimes it denotes 'being fit for'.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in OSUS

OSUS,OSA,OSUM,
iOSUS,iOSA,iOSUM
Latin adjectives ending in OSUS signify being 'full of', or 'abounding' in the quality denoted by the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in EUS

EUS,EA,EUM,tEUS,tEA,tEUM
Adjectives ending in the Latin EUS denote 'pertaining to' something, 'consisting of' something, 'resembling' something in some aspect of its nature.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in ENSIS

ENSIS,ENSE,iENSIS,iENSE
Adjectives ending in ENSIS mostly denote 'being in', or 'belonging to' a place.
The Latin form iensis mostly relates to names of countries or cities.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in TIVUS

TIVUS,TIVA,TIVUM,
SIVUS,SIVA,SIVUM,
iTIVUS,iTIVA,iTIVUM
Adjectives in TIVUS have a participle force, sometimes active, sometimes passive, and are generally pointing out a descriptive quality of the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in CUNDUS

CUNDUS,CUNDA,CUNDUM,
iCUNDUS,iCUNDA,iCUNDUM
The Latin adjectival ending CUNDUS means 'abounding in', or 'having a lot of' the thing implied by the base word.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in BUNDUS

BUNDUS,BUNDA,BUNDUM,eBUNDUS,eBUNDA,eBUNDUM,iBUNNDUS,iBUNDA,iBUNDUM
Adjectives of this class have a strengthened meaning of the Present Participle of the verbal base word that they are formed from.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in TINUS

TI-NUS,TI-NA,TI-NUM
Adjectives in TINUS denote 'belonging to' the thing that is signified by the base word.
Words of this type mostly relate to time.

Sunday, Apr 15, 2007

Latin Suffixes -the ending CEUS

Endings
CEUS,CEA,CEUM,aCEUS,aCEA,aCEUM,iCEUS,iCEA,iCEUM,CIUS,CIS,CIUM,iCIUS,iCIA,iCIUM,oriTIA,iTIS,iTIUM
When derived from substantives, they denote in Latin 'made of', 'done by','springing from', or 'belonging' to the base word.
When from a verbal base, they denote 'producing', or'being produced by'.

Saturday, Apr 14, 2007

Latin Suffixes - LIS

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ADJECTIVES ending in LIS,LE
iLIS,iLE,biLIS,biLE,ibiLIS,
ibiLE.
Adjectives in LIS derived from verbs, denote for the most part 'possibility', i.e. something that can be done. Sometimes, however, they have an active force, and denote 'the doing' of something; sometimes a passive force, and denote 'that which is done'; sometimes a reflexive force, and denote 'that which one does to', or 'for oneself'.

these asre formed by adding the suffix either to the root, or theme of the verb, or the theme of the substantive.
The primary suffix is LI, 'S' is the nominative case ending. LIS is probably just a variant of RIS.

Saturday, Apr 14, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Suffixes that attach to adjectives only.

Suffixes that attach only to adjectives.
aRIS,aRE, aLIS,aLE,eLIS,eLE,iLIS,iLE,uLIs,uLE,aRIUS,aRIA,aRIUM,iaLIS,iaLE,atiLIS,atiLE.
Adjectives in aRIS, etc, derived from the substantive, point out what 'belongs','pertains',or 'relates' to the base word, or something that is in agreement with the base word's character, e.g. hostILE, a 'quality' possessed by an enemy -i.e. hostile.
They are formed by adding the Suffic to the Theme of the primitive.
The primary suffix is RI, LIS derives from it through R-L interchanging.

Saturday, Apr 14, 2007

Latin Suffixes - the Diminutive

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DIMINUTIVES - the suffix added to tell us a thing is smaller.
LUS,LA,LUM,
CULUS,CULA,CULUM,uCULUS,iCULA,iCULUM,
silLUS, silLA,silLUM
diminiutive adjectives are formed from other adjectives, in the same way that diminutive substatives are formed from other substantives.
SUBSTANTIVES
LUS,LI, LUM,LI,LEUS,LEI,uLUS,uLI,uLA,uLAE,uLUM,uLI,etc.
The primary suffix is LUS,LA,LUM, according to gender.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes Adjectives ending in CUS.

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Adjectives ending in CUS.
CUS,CA,CUM.
iCUS,iCA,iCUM
uCUS,uCA,uCUM
aX,aCIS
iX,iCIS
oX,oCIS
These have participle force, and are often identical with the meaning of the verbs that they are derived from, often carrying the meaning of 'being prone'
to do that which
their primitive describes.
When derives from substantives, they denote 'having', or
'being prone to'.
SUBSTANTIVES
CUS,CI,uCUS,uCI,X,CIS,eX,iCIS,iX,iCIS, all have participle force. They are Appellative Nouns, and the base meaning is descriptive of their function.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives ending in TI

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Adjectives ending in TI
S on the end signifies the nominative case ending.
Often the TI disappears, sometimes even the case ending is dropped.
aTIS
aS
aTIS, TIS
eS, eTIS, iTIS
These endings denote 'place', or signify 'of', or belonging to
such a place. If they are derived from words of rank,
they signify belonging to that rank.
They are formed from a suffix added to a theme.
Substantives of this class denote locality, or in derived force, 'rank'.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - Adjectives and Substantives ending in NUS

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NUS,NA,NUM,aNUS,aNA,aNUM,
eNUS,eNA,eNUM,iNUS,iNA,iNUM
erNUS,erNA,erNUM,
urNUS,urNA,urNUM,
NEUS,NEA,NEUM,
aNEUS,aNEA,aNEUM
Adjectives ending in NUS signify GIFTED, or PROVIDED WITH,
hence 'belonging to' their primitive.
Those formed from animals denote the flesh of that animal.
Those from trees and other materials,
denote the material of which it is made.
In other words, a quality evidenced by the base word is expressed.
SUBSTANTIVES
NUS,NI
iNUS,iNI
iNUS,iNI
NA,NAE
aNA,aNAE
iNA,iNAE
erNA,erNAE
NUM,NI
Substantives in the suffix NUS denote 'belonging' to that which is implied by the base word.
When from verbal roots, they denote a person or thing
'doing' or 'being' the base.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin suffixes - Adjectives and substantives ending in TUS,TUM

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Adjectives ending in TUS,Ta,TAM, aTUS,aTA,aTUM,iTUS,iTA,iTUM,uTUS,uTA,uTUM,eaTUS,eaTA,eaTUM. signify "provided with", or "having" that which the base form signifies.

Substantives ending in TUM,TI, or eTUM,eTI, signify things 'supplied', or 'provided with' that which is signified by the base form.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - TUS

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TUS,TA,TUM, etc.
Adjectives having participal force, denoting a quality or conditionsimilar to the meaning of the base word.
e.g. caleo = to be hot
CAL is the base word
CAL-I-DUS = hot.

Similarly, substantives of this class mostly have an active or passive force.
Libero = to free
LIBER = Base word
LIBER-TUS = 'the freed one', i.e. a freeman or citizen.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - RIS, MUS,

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A few words take the endings derived from RIS and MIS, examples are given in the podcast.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - the ending RUS

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RUS,RA,RUM,eR,RA,RUM,eR,eRA,eRUM,eLUS,uLA,uLUM,tuRUS,tuRA,tuRUM, all have direct participal force in adjectives, and simply describe a quality connected to the base word.
KAM = love
CAM is the base word
CAM-RUS , which gives the actual form CARUS, meaning loved, or dear.
_____________________
RUS,RI,RA,RAE,RUM,RI,eRUS,eRI,eRA,eRAE,eR,eRI,SUS,SI,SA,SAE,LUS,LI,LA,LAE,LUM,LI,uLUS,uLI,uLA,uLAE,uLUM,uLI
All Substantives ending in RUS, denote the PERSON or THING of which the base word is descriptive.
e'g.
MUN is the root meaning "to protect"
MUN-RUS, which gives us MU-RUS -'the thing that protects', i.e. the City Wall.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin suffixes - the ending CER

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In adjectives, CER,CRA,CRUM, CER CRIS,CRE, uCER, uCRIS, uCRE, iCER,iCRUS,iCULUs,iCULS,iCULUM, from the Sanskrit ending KRI, to make or create, giving the Latin CREO, to create/make. All these endings denote 'doing','causing','being made''caused to be'formed from'. When obtained from Adverbs, they are formed by adding the Suffix to the Root, but when from substantives, or Adjectives, to the theme.
e.g.
POLIO = to polish
POL is the base word
POL-CER, which elides to PULCER, 'made polished', i.e. beautiful.
With substantives, the ending CRUM,CRI, CRE,CRIS,CULUM,CULI,iCULUM,iCULI,CULUS,CULI, all come from the root to create, denoting'makes','causes to do','is made', or 'caused', and most of the time, it means 'serves for, is made for'.
They are formed by adding the suffix to the theme, or verbal root.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - the ending BER

A. Adjectives ending in BER, BRA,BRUM, or BRIS,BRE, or eBER, eBRIS, eBRE, or uBRIS, uBRE. The root bhri in sanskrit means to bear or bring forth. So, this root denotes 'bringing about'
e.g. funus =death
funeris = the base word
funer-BRIS, which elides to FUNEBRIS -'bringing death', i.e. deadly, or fatal.
SIMILARLY, nouns ending in BER, BRI, BRA, BRAE, eBRA, eBRAE, BRUM, eBRUM, eBRI, BULA, BULAE, BULUM, BULI, iBULUM, iBULI, BRIUM all denote "bringing", or "bearing" something, or 'serving for effecting, bringing about' something or other.
e.g. FACIO = to make
FAC is the base word
FAC-BER, which elides to FABER, 'the one effecting the making', a manufacturer, or workman.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin suffixes - substantives ending in TAR

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a. TOR, TORIS
b. SOR, SORIS
c. ITOR, ITORIS
d. TRUS
e. ITER, ITRIS
f. ISTER, ISTRI
g. TRIX, TRICIS
h. TRA, TRAE
i. ESTRA, ESTRAE
j. TRUM, TRI
k. SRUM, STRI
l. ISTRUM, ISTRI

The Sanskrit TAR or TRI means "to accomplish", and these endings carry this meaning, 'the accomplisher of', or 'that by which is accomplished', in the passive, i.e. caused, or, reflexively, the one who 'does something for himself'.
e.g.
amo = to love
AMA is the theme
AMA-TOR, the accomplisher of loving, i.e. a lover.

Friday, Apr 13, 2007

Latin Suffixes - adjectives ending in TER